Functional safety:
engineer the failures.
People work next to machinery that can hurt them, and 'be careful' has never been a control measure. This module starts where a safety engineer starts, with risk assessment and the hierarchy of controls. From there it covers the fail-safe anatomy of an e-stop, how PL and SIL put a number on trust, the yellow hardware that doubts its own wiring, and safety signals carried over ordinary networks through the black channel. In the last chapter you guard a full robot cell. There are six chapters, and each one gives you something to break safely.
Trust is a number with three levers
📐 The levers are architecture, component reliability and diagnostic coverage. Learn the risk graph and the PL calculation once and every vendor's yellow catalogue starts to make sense, and so does every question an auditor asks you.
Fail towards safety, by construction
🛑 Cut wires, weld contacts, freeze switches and starve watchdogs, then watch well-designed circuits turn every failure into a stop. The habit this track builds is to assume a part will break and ask what the machine does when it does.